• • • • • •> Periodontal disease and its treatment

Date: 2011-06-09 | Author: Aesha Shah

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Periodontal disease is an infection of the tissues that support the teeth. Your gum tissue is not connected to the teeth as high as it may seem. There is a very shallow V-shaped crevice called a sulcus between the tooth and gum. Periodontal diseases attack just below the gum line in the sulcus, where they cause the attachment of the tooth and its supporting tissues to break down. As the tissues are damaged, the sulcus develops into a pocket: generally, the more severe the disease, the greater the depth of the pocket.

Periodontal diseases are classified according to the severity of the disease. The two main stages are gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is a milder and reversible periodontal disease, which affects only the gums. Gum disease can lead to more serious, destructive forms of periodontal disease called periodontitis.

Some factors increase the risk of developing periodontal disease:

• The habit of smoking or chewing

• Systemic diseases such as diabetes

• Some types of drugs such as steroids, some types of anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, some contraceptive channel blockers and oral calcium

• Bridges that no longer fit properly

• Crooked teeth

• fillings that have become defective

• Pregnancy or oral contraceptives

Treatment

Gingival curettage:

Gingival curettage removes the soft tissue lining the periodontal pocket in order to completely eliminate bacteria and diseased tissue. It can be used along with scaling and root planing, but performs a more thorough cleaning and complete. The evidence indicates, however, does not contribute to any additional benefits beyond simple scaling and planing.

Surgery (Open Flap Curettage):

Surgery allows access for deep cleaning of the root surface, removal of diseased tissue, and repositioning and formation of bone and gum tissue supporting the teeth. Surgical procedures vary depending on the diagnosis and individual patient needs. The basic procedure is known as open flap curettage. Involves:

• The periodontal surgeon lifts, or flaps, the gums from the tooth and surrounding bone.

• The sick root surfaces are cleaned and curetted (scraped) to remove the deposits.

• gum tissue is replaced into positions to minimize the depth of the bag.

• The periodontist may also contour the remaining bone and attempt to regenerate lost bone and gingival attachment through bone grafts and guided tissue regeneration or the use of proteins derived from the enamel matrix.

The best way to stop the progression of periodontal disease is to mechanically remove plaque and tartar that have accumulated in the periodontal pocket. Daily oral hygiene and periodontal treatment support is crucial to the success of scaling and root planing. Without treatment, the accumulation of plaque and tartar below the gums will cause further degradation of periodontal tissues, the progression of periodontal disease and eventually tooth loss and systemic complications.

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